"""OpenTelemetry-native tracing for Cognee.

Provides CogneeSpanExporter (in-memory span buffer), setup_tracing(),
get_tracer(), CogneeTrace, semantic attribute constants, and redaction.
"""

import os
import re
import threading
from collections import defaultdict
from typing import Optional, Sequence

try:
    from opentelemetry import trace
    from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import TracerProvider, ReadableSpan
    from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import (
        SpanExporter,
        SpanExportResult,
        SimpleSpanProcessor,
        ConsoleSpanExporter,
    )
    from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource
    from opentelemetry.trace import StatusCode

    _OTEL_AVAILABLE = True
except ImportError:
    _OTEL_AVAILABLE = False

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Semantic attribute constants
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
COGNEE_DB_SYSTEM = "cognee.db.system"
COGNEE_DB_QUERY = "cognee.db.query"
COGNEE_DB_ROW_COUNT = "cognee.db.row_count"
COGNEE_LLM_MODEL = "cognee.llm.model"
COGNEE_LLM_PROVIDER = "cognee.llm.provider"
COGNEE_PIPELINE_STAGE = "cognee.pipeline.stage"
COGNEE_SEARCH_TYPE = "cognee.search.type"
COGNEE_SEARCH_QUERY = "cognee.search.query"
COGNEE_PIPELINE_TASK_NAME = "cognee.pipeline.task_name"
COGNEE_VECTOR_COLLECTION = "cognee.vector.collection"
COGNEE_VECTOR_RESULT_COUNT = "cognee.vector.result_count"
COGNEE_SPAN_CATEGORY = "cognee.span.category"
COGNEE_RESULT_SUMMARY = "cognee.result.summary"
COGNEE_RESULT_COUNT = "cognee.result.count"
COGNEE_PIPELINE_NAME = "cognee.pipeline.name"

# V2 API attributes
COGNEE_DATASET_NAME = "cognee.dataset.name"
COGNEE_SESSION_ID = "cognee.session.id"
COGNEE_SESSION_ENTRY_COUNT = "cognee.session.entry_count"
COGNEE_DATA_SIZE_BYTES = "cognee.data.size_bytes"
COGNEE_DATA_ITEM_COUNT = "cognee.data.item_count"
COGNEE_OPERATION_MODE = "cognee.operation.mode"  # "session", "permanent", "cloud"
COGNEE_RECALL_SCOPE = "cognee.recall.scope"  # "session", "graph", "auto"
COGNEE_RECALL_SOURCE = "cognee.recall.source"  # where results came from
COGNEE_FORGET_TARGET = "cognee.forget.target"  # "dataset", "data_item", "everything"
COGNEE_IMPROVE_STAGES = "cognee.improve.stages"
COGNEE_GRAPH_EDGES_SYNCED = "cognee.graph.edges_synced"  # compatibility; no longer emitted

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Secret redaction
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
_SECRET_PATTERNS = [
    re.compile(r"(sk-[A-Za-z0-9]{20,})"),
    re.compile(r"(api[_-]?key\s*[=:]\s*)['\"]?[A-Za-z0-9\-_]{16,}['\"]?", re.IGNORECASE),
    re.compile(r"(bearer\s+)[A-Za-z0-9\-_\.]{20,}", re.IGNORECASE),
    re.compile(r"(password\s*[=:]\s*)['\"]?[^\s'\"]{8,}['\"]?", re.IGNORECASE),
]


def redact_secrets(text: str) -> str:
    """Redact common API key and secret patterns from text."""
    if not text:
        return text
    result = text
    for pattern in _SECRET_PATTERNS:
        result = pattern.sub(lambda m: m.group(0)[:6] + "***REDACTED***", result)
    return result


def _check_otel_available() -> None:
    if not _OTEL_AVAILABLE:
        raise ImportError(
            "OpenTelemetry packages are required for tracing. "
            "Install them with: pip install cognee[tracing]"
        )


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# In-memory span exporter
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
_MAX_TRACES = 50

if _OTEL_AVAILABLE:
    _ExporterBase = SpanExporter
else:
    _ExporterBase = object


class CogneeSpanExporter(_ExporterBase):
    """Custom SpanExporter that buffers completed spans in-memory.

    Spans are grouped by trace_id. The buffer is bounded to the last
    ``_MAX_TRACES`` distinct traces.
    """

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        self._lock = threading.Lock()
        self._traces: dict[str, list[dict]] = defaultdict(list)
        self._trace_order: list[str] = []

    def export(self, spans: Sequence) -> "SpanExportResult":
        with self._lock:
            for span in spans:
                trace_id = format(span.context.trace_id, "032x")
                span_dict = {
                    "name": span.name,
                    "trace_id": trace_id,
                    "span_id": format(span.context.span_id, "016x"),
                    "parent_span_id": (
                        format(span.parent.span_id, "016x") if span.parent else None
                    ),
                    "start_time_ns": span.start_time,
                    "end_time_ns": span.end_time,
                    "duration_ms": (
                        (span.end_time - span.start_time) / 1_000_000
                        if span.end_time and span.start_time
                        else 0.0
                    ),
                    "status": span.status.status_code.name if span.status else "UNSET",
                    "attributes": dict(span.attributes) if span.attributes else {},
                }
                self._traces[trace_id].append(span_dict)
                if trace_id not in self._trace_order:
                    self._trace_order.append(trace_id)

            # Evict oldest traces if over limit
            while len(self._trace_order) > _MAX_TRACES:
                oldest = self._trace_order.pop(0)
                self._traces.pop(oldest, None)

        return SpanExportResult.SUCCESS if _OTEL_AVAILABLE else None

    def shutdown(self) -> None:
        pass

    def force_flush(self, timeout_millis: int = 30000) -> bool:
        return True

    # -- Public helpers for reading collected traces --

    def get_last_trace_spans(self) -> Optional[list[dict]]:
        with self._lock:
            if not self._trace_order:
                return None
            last_id = self._trace_order[-1]
            return list(self._traces[last_id])

    def get_all_traces(self) -> dict[str, list[dict]]:
        with self._lock:
            return {tid: list(spans) for tid, spans in self._traces.items()}

    def clear(self) -> None:
        with self._lock:
            self._traces.clear()
            self._trace_order.clear()


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CogneeTrace -- lightweight view over collected spans
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class CogneeTrace:
    """Lightweight read-only view over spans belonging to a single trace."""

    def __init__(self, span_list: list[dict]) -> None:
        self._spans = span_list

    def spans(self) -> list[dict]:
        """Return flat list of span dicts sorted by start time."""
        return sorted(self._spans, key=lambda s: s.get("start_time_ns", 0))

    def summary(self) -> dict:
        """Return summary with operation, total_duration_ms, breakdown, errors."""
        if not self._spans:
            return {
                "operation": "",
                "total_duration_ms": 0.0,
                "span_count": 0,
                "breakdown": {},
                "errors": [],
            }

        sorted_spans = self.spans()

        # Find root span (no parent)
        root = next((s for s in sorted_spans if s.get("parent_span_id") is None), sorted_spans[0])

        # Build breakdown by span name prefix (group by base name)
        breakdown: dict[str, dict] = defaultdict(lambda: {"count": 0, "total_ms": 0.0})
        errors: list[str] = []

        for s in sorted_spans:
            name = s["name"]
            breakdown[name]["count"] += 1
            breakdown[name]["total_ms"] += s.get("duration_ms", 0.0)
            if s.get("status") == "ERROR":
                errors.append(f"{name}: error")

        return {
            "operation": root["name"],
            "total_duration_ms": root.get("duration_ms", 0.0),
            "span_count": len(sorted_spans),
            "breakdown": dict(breakdown),
            "errors": errors,
        }

    def tree(self) -> dict:
        """Return hierarchical span tree as nested dicts."""
        spans_by_id = {s["span_id"]: {**s, "children": []} for s in self._spans}
        roots = []

        for s in self._spans:
            node = spans_by_id[s["span_id"]]
            parent_id = s.get("parent_span_id")
            if parent_id and parent_id in spans_by_id:
                spans_by_id[parent_id]["children"].append(node)
            else:
                roots.append(node)

        return roots[0] if len(roots) == 1 else {"children": roots}


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global state
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
_exporter: Optional["CogneeSpanExporter"] = None
_tracer: Optional["trace.Tracer"] = None
_provider: Optional["TracerProvider"] = None


def _is_auto_instrumented() -> bool:
    """Return True if an external tool (e.g. opentelemetry-instrument) already
    configured a real TracerProvider."""
    if not _OTEL_AVAILABLE:
        return False
    current = trace.get_tracer_provider()
    # The default ProxyTracerProvider is set before any real provider is configured.
    # If the current provider is something else, auto-instrumentation is active.
    return current is not None and type(current).__name__ != "ProxyTracerProvider"


def _try_add_otlp_exporter(provider: "TracerProvider") -> None:
    """If an OTLP endpoint is configured, add an OTLP span exporter.

    Reads the endpoint from ``BaseConfig.otel_exporter_otlp_endpoint``.
    The OTLP exporters also honour the standard ``OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_*``
    env vars for headers, compression, etc.
    """
    from cognee.base_config import get_base_config

    config = get_base_config()
    if not config.otel_exporter_otlp_endpoint:
        return

    try:
        from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.grpc.trace_exporter import (
            OTLPSpanExporter,
        )

        otlp_exporter = OTLPSpanExporter(endpoint=config.otel_exporter_otlp_endpoint)
        provider.add_span_processor(SimpleSpanProcessor(otlp_exporter))
    except ImportError:
        try:
            from opentelemetry.exporter.otlp.proto.http.trace_exporter import (
                OTLPSpanExporter as OTLPHttpSpanExporter,
            )

            otlp_exporter = OTLPHttpSpanExporter(endpoint=config.otel_exporter_otlp_endpoint)
            provider.add_span_processor(SimpleSpanProcessor(otlp_exporter))
        except ImportError:
            import warnings

            warnings.warn(
                "otel_exporter_otlp_endpoint is set but no OTLP exporter is installed. "
                "Install with: pip install cognee[tracing]",
                stacklevel=2,
            )


def setup_tracing(console_output: bool = False) -> "trace.Tracer":
    """Set up OTEL tracing for Cognee.

    If an external auto-instrumentation tool (e.g. ``opentelemetry-instrument``,
    Dash0, Datadog) has already configured a TracerProvider, this function
    attaches Cognee's in-memory exporter to it instead of replacing it.

    When no external provider exists, creates a new TracerProvider and
    optionally adds an OTLP exporter (if ``OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_ENDPOINT`` is
    set) and a ConsoleSpanExporter for debugging.

    Returns the cognee tracer.
    """
    _check_otel_available()

    from cognee.version import get_cognee_version

    global _exporter, _tracer, _provider

    version = get_cognee_version()
    _exporter = CogneeSpanExporter()

    if _is_auto_instrumented():
        # An external tool already set up a provider — reuse it.
        _provider = trace.get_tracer_provider()
        # Attach our in-memory exporter so CogneeTrace still works.
        # The underlying provider must support add_span_processor;
        # the auto-instrumented TracerProvider (from opentelemetry-sdk) does.
        if hasattr(_provider, "add_span_processor"):
            _provider.add_span_processor(SimpleSpanProcessor(_exporter))
    else:
        # No external provider — create our own.
        from cognee.base_config import get_base_config

        config = get_base_config()
        resource = Resource.create(
            {
                "service.name": config.otel_service_name,
                "service.version": version,
                "deployment.environment": os.getenv("ENV", "development"),
            }
        )

        _provider = TracerProvider(resource=resource)
        _provider.add_span_processor(SimpleSpanProcessor(_exporter))

        # Add OTLP exporter when endpoint is configured (e.g. Dash0, Grafana, etc.)
        _try_add_otlp_exporter(_provider)

        if console_output:
            _provider.add_span_processor(SimpleSpanProcessor(ConsoleSpanExporter()))

        trace.set_tracer_provider(_provider)

    _tracer = _provider.get_tracer("cognee", version)
    return _tracer


def get_tracer() -> Optional["trace.Tracer"]:
    """Return the cognee OTEL tracer, or None if not set up."""
    return _tracer


def get_provider() -> Optional["TracerProvider"]:
    """Return the TracerProvider (useful for adding external exporters)."""
    return _provider


def get_exporter() -> Optional["CogneeSpanExporter"]:
    """Return the in-memory exporter."""
    return _exporter


def shutdown_tracing(timeout_ms: int = 30000) -> None:
    """Shut down the TracerProvider and clear global state."""
    global _exporter, _tracer, _provider

    if _provider is not None:
        _provider.force_flush(timeout_millis=timeout_ms)
        _provider.shutdown()
    _exporter = None
    _tracer = None
    _provider = None