skillhub-181-vue
3.3 KiB
3.3 KiB
name, description
| name | description |
|---|---|
| Provide / Inject | 在组件树中传递数据,避免 Prop 逐级透传 |
Provide / Inject
从祖先组件向后代组件提供数据,避免 Prop 逐级透传。
基本用法
<!-- Provider.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { provide, ref } from 'vue'
const message = ref('hello')
provide('message', message)
</script>
<!-- DeepChild.vue(任意层级深度) -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { inject } from 'vue'
const message = inject('message')
</script>
使用 InjectionKey 进行类型标注
使用 InjectionKey 在提供方与注入方之间实现类型安全:
// keys.ts
import type { InjectionKey, Ref } from 'vue'
export const messageKey = Symbol() as InjectionKey<Ref<string>>
export const countKey = Symbol() as InjectionKey<number>
<!-- Provider.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { provide, ref } from 'vue'
import { messageKey } from './keys'
const message = ref('hello')
provide(messageKey, message)
</script>
<!-- Injector.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { inject } from 'vue'
import { messageKey } from './keys'
const message = inject(messageKey) // Ref<string> | undefined
</script>
默认值
// 简单默认值
const value = inject('message', 'default value')
// 工厂函数(用于创建成本较高的默认值)
const value = inject('key', () => new ExpensiveClass(), true)
// ^ 视为工厂函数
应用层 Provide
对所有组件可用:
// main.ts
import { createApp } from 'vue'
const app = createApp(App)
app.provide('globalConfig', { theme: 'dark' })
响应式 Provide/Inject
提供响应式值以实现自动更新:
<!-- Provider.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { provide, ref } from 'vue'
const count = ref(0)
provide('count', count)
</script>
注入的值保持与响应式系统的连接。
变更操作的最佳实践
将变更操作保留在提供方,对外暴露更新函数:
<!-- Provider.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { provide, ref, readonly } from 'vue'
const location = ref('North Pole')
function updateLocation(newLocation: string) {
location.value = newLocation
}
provide('location', {
location: readonly(location), // 防止直接修改
updateLocation
})
</script>
<!-- Injector.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { inject } from 'vue'
const { location, updateLocation } = inject('location')!
</script>
<template>
<button @click="updateLocation('South Pole')">
{{ location }}
</button>
</template>
使用 Symbol 键
推荐用于库和大型应用,以避免键名冲突:
// keys.ts
export const myKey = Symbol('myKey')
// provider 提供方
provide(myKey, value)
// injector 注入方
inject(myKey)
类型辅助
// 字符串键配合显式类型
const foo = inject<string>('foo')
// ^? string | undefined
// 带默认值(移除 undefined)
const foo = inject<string>('foo', 'default')
// ^? string
// 强制非 undefined(确定已被提供时使用)
const foo = inject('foo') as string