# Kuanzisha na MCP
Karibu katika hatua zako za kwanza na Model Context Protocol (MCP)! Ikiwa wewe ni mpya kwa MCP au unatafuta kuimarisha uelewa wako, mwongozo huu utakuelekeza kupitia mchakato muhimu wa usanidi na maendeleo. Utagundua jinsi MCP inavyowezesha ushirikiano mzuri kati ya modeli za AI na programu, na kujifunza jinsi ya kuandaa mazingira yako haraka kwa ajili ya kujenga na kujaribu suluhisho zinazotumia MCP.
> TLDR; Ikiwa unajenga programu za AI, unajua kuwa unaweza kuongeza zana na rasilimali nyingine kwenye LLM yako (modeli kubwa ya lugha), ili kufanya LLM kuwa na maarifa zaidi. Hata hivyo, ikiwa utaweka zana na rasilimali hizo kwenye seva, uwezo wa programu na seva unaweza kutumika na mteja yeyote na/au bila LLM.
## Muhtasari
Somo hili linatoa mwongozo wa vitendo kwenye kuanzisha mazingira ya MCP na kujenga programu zako za kwanza za MCP. Utajifunza jinsi ya kusanidi zana na mifumo muhimu, kujenga seva za MCP za msingi, kuunda programu za mwenyeji, na kujaribu utekelezaji wako.
Model Context Protocol (MCP) ni itifaki ya wazi inayoweka viwango vya jinsi programu zinavyotoa muktadha kwa LLMs. Fikiria MCP kama bandari ya USB-C kwa programu za AI - inatoa njia ya viwango kuunganisha modeli za AI na vyanzo tofauti vya data na zana.
## Malengo ya Kujifunza
Mwisho wa somo hili, utaweza:
- Kusanidi mazingira ya maendeleo ya MCP kwa C#, Java, Python, TypeScript, na Rust
- Kujenga na kupeleka seva za MCP za msingi zenye vipengele maalum (rasilimali, vidokezo, na zana)
- Kuunda programu za mwenyeji zinazounganisha na seva za MCP
- Kuangalia na kurekebisha makosa katika utekelezaji wa MCP
## Kuandaa Mazingira Yako ya MCP
Kabla ya kuanza kazi na MCP, ni muhimu kuandaa mazingira yako ya maendeleo na kuelewa mtiririko wa kazi wa msingi. Sehemu hii itakuongoza kupitia hatua za usanidi wa awali kuhakikisha kuanza kwa laini na MCP.
### Matakwa Ya Awali
Kabla ya kuanza maendeleo ya MCP, hakikisha una:
- **Mazingira ya Maendeleo**: Kwa lugha uliyochagua (C#, Java, Python, TypeScript au Rust)
- **IDE/Editor**: Visual Studio, Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ, Eclipse, PyCharm, au mhariri wa code wa kisasa wowote
- **Wasimamizi wa Pakiti**: NuGet, Maven/Gradle, pip, npm/yarn, au Cargo
- **Vifunguo vya API**: Kwa huduma yoyote ya AI unayopanga kutumia katika programu zako za mwenyeji
## Muundo wa Msingi wa Seva ya MCP
Seva ya MCP kawaida hujumuisha:
- **Usanidi wa Seva**: Kusanidi bandari, uthibitishaji, na mipangilio mingine
- **Rasilimali**: Data na muktadha unaotolewa kwa LLMs
- **Zana**: Uwezo ambao modeli zinaweza kuitisha
- **Vidokezo**: Violezo vya kutengeneza au kuunda muundo wa maandishi
Hapa kuna mfano rahisi kwa TypeScript:
```typescript
import { McpServer, ResourceTemplate } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/mcp.js";
import { StdioServerTransport } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/stdio.js";
import { z } from "zod";
// Tengeneza seva ya MCP
const server = new McpServer({
name: "Demo",
version: "1.0.0"
});
// Ongeza chombo cha kuongeza
server.tool("add",
{ a: z.number(), b: z.number() },
async ({ a, b }) => ({
content: [{ type: "text", text: String(a + b) }]
})
);
// Ongeza rasilimali ya salamu inayobadilika
server.resource(
"file",
// Kigezo 'list' kinaadhibu jinsi rasilimali inavyoorodhesha faili zinazopatikana. Kuweka kuwa isiyoelezwa kunazuia kuratibu orodha kwa rasilimali hii.
new ResourceTemplate("file://{path}", { list: undefined }),
async (uri, { path }) => ({
contents: [{
uri: uri.href,
text: `File, ${path}!`
}]
})
);
// Ongeza rasilimali ya faili inayo soma yaliyomo kwenye faili
server.resource(
"file",
new ResourceTemplate("file://{path}", { list: undefined }),
async (uri, { path }) => {
let text;
try {
text = await fs.readFile(path, "utf8");
} catch (err) {
text = `Error reading file: ${err.message}`;
}
return {
contents: [{
uri: uri.href,
text
}]
};
}
);
server.prompt(
"review-code",
{ code: z.string() },
({ code }) => ({
messages: [{
role: "user",
content: {
type: "text",
text: `Please review this code:\n\n${code}`
}
}]
})
);
// Anza kupokea ujumbe kwenye stdin na kutuma ujumbe kwenye stdout
const transport = new StdioServerTransport();
await server.connect(transport);
```
Katika msimbo uliotangulia tulifanya:
- Kuleta darasa muhimu kutoka MCP TypeScript SDK.
- Kuunda na kusanidi mfano mpya wa seva ya MCP.
- Kusajili zana maalum (`calculator`) yenye kifuata kazi.
- Kuanza seva kusikiliza maombi yanayokuja ya MCP.
## Kuangalia na Kurekebisha Makosa
Kabla ya kuanza kujaribu seva yako ya MCP, ni muhimu kuelewa zana zilizopo na mbinu bora za kurekebisha makosa. Upimaji madhubuti huhakikisha seva yako inafanya kazi kama inavyotarajiwa na hukusaidia haraka kubaini na kutatua masuala. Sehemu inayofuata inaelezea mbinu zinazopendekezwa za kuthibitisha utekelezaji wako wa MCP.
MCP hutoa zana za kusaidia kujaribu na kurekebisha seva zako:
- **Zana ya Mcheinza (Inspector)**, kiolesura hiki cha mchoro hukuruhusu kuunganisha seva yako na kujaribu zana, vidokezo na rasilimali zako.
- **curl**, pia unaweza kuunganisha kwenye seva yako kwa kutumia zana ya mstari wa amri kama curl au wateja wengine wanaoweza kuunda na kuendesha amri za HTTP.
### Kutumia MCP Inspector
[MCP Inspector](https://github.com/modelcontextprotocol/inspector) ni zana ya majaribio inayokuambia:
1. **Gundua Uwezo wa Seva**: Kugundua moja kwa moja rasilimali, zana, na vidokezo vinavyopatikana
2. **Jaribu Utekelezaji wa Zana**: Jaribu vigezo tofauti na uone majibu kwa wakati halisi
3. **Tazama Metadata ya Seva**: Chunguza taarifa za seva, mifumo ya data, na usanidi
```bash
# mfano TypeScript, kusakinisha na kuendesha MCP Inspector
npx @modelcontextprotocol/inspector node build/index.js
```
Unapotekeleza amri zilizo hapo juu, MCP Inspector itazindua kiolesura cha wavuti cha eneo lako kwenye kivinjari chako. Unaweza kutegemea kuona dashibodi inaonyesha seva zako za MCP zilizosajiliwa, zana zao, rasilimali, na vidokezo. Kiolesura hukuruhusu kujaribu utekelezaji wa zana kwa njia ya maingiliano, kuchunguza metadata ya seva, na kuona majibu kwa wakati halisi, hivyo kurahisisha kuthibitisha na kurekebisha makosa katika utekelezaji wetu wa seva za MCP.
Hapa kuna picha ya inavyoweza kuonekana:

## Masuala ya Kawaida ya Usanidi na Suluhisho
| Tatizo | Suluhisho Linalowezekana |
|--------|--------------------------|
| Kuunganishwa kukataliwa | Angalia kama seva inaendeshwa na bandari ni sahihi |
| Makosa ya utekelezaji wa zana | Kagua uthibitishaji wa vigezo na utendaji wa usimamizi wa makosa |
| Kushindwa uthibitishaji | Thibitisha funguo za API na ruhusa |
| Makosa ya uthibitishaji wa skimu | Hakikisha vigezo vinaendana na skimu iliyobainishwa |
| Seva haianzi | Angalia mizozo ya bandari au utegemezi usiokuwepo |
| Makosa ya CORS | Sanidi vichwa sahihi vya CORS kwa maombi ya kuvuka asili |
| Masuala ya uthibitishaji | Thibitisha uhalali wa tokeni na ruhusa |
## Maendeleo ya Kiwanda cha Ndani
Kwa maendeleo na kujaribu katika eneo lako, unaweza kuendesha seva za MCP moja kwa moja kwenye mashine yako:
1. **Anzisha mchakato wa seva**: Endesha programu yako ya seva ya MCP
2. **Sanidi mtandao**: Hakikisha seva inapatikana kwenye bandari inayotarajiwa
3. **Unganisha wateja**: Tumia URL za muunganisho za eneo kama `http://localhost:3000`
```bash
# Mfano: Kuendesha seva ya TypeScript MCP katika eneo la karibu
npm run start
# Seva inaendesha kwenye http://localhost:3000
```
## Kujenga Seva yako ya Kwanza ya MCP
Tumezungumzia [Mafundisho ya Msingi](../../01-CoreConcepts/README.md) katika somo lililopita, sasa ni wakati wa kutumia maarifa hayo.
### Seva inaweza kufanya nini
Kabla ya kuanza kuandika msimbo, tukumbuke tunavyoweza kufanikisha:
Seva ya MCP inaweza kwa mfano:
- Kupata faili za ndani na hifadhidata
- Kuunganisha na API za mbali
- Kufanya mahesabu
- Kuunganisha na zana na huduma nyingine
- Kutoa kiolesura cha mtumiaji kwa maingiliano
Nzuri, sasa tunajua tunavyoweza kufanya, hebu tuanze kuandika msimbo.
## Mazoezi: Kuunda seva
Kutengeneza seva, fuata hatua hizi:
- Sakinisha MCP SDK.
- Unda mradi na usanidi muundo wa mradi.
- Andika msimbo wa seva.
- Jaribu seva.
### -1- Unda mradi
#### TypeScript
```sh
# Unda saraka ya mradi na anzisha mradi wa npm
mkdir calculator-server
cd calculator-server
npm init -y
```
#### Python
```sh
# Unda saraka ya mradi
mkdir calculator-server
cd calculator-server
# Fungua folda katika Visual Studio Code - Ruka hii ikiwa unatumia IDE tofauti
code .
```
#### .NET
```sh
dotnet new console -n McpCalculatorServer
cd McpCalculatorServer
```
#### Java
Kwa Java, unda mradi wa Spring Boot:
```bash
curl https://start.spring.io/starter.zip \
-d dependencies=web \
-d javaVersion=21 \
-d type=maven-project \
-d groupId=com.example \
-d artifactId=calculator-server \
-d name=McpServer \
-d packageName=com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server \
-o calculator-server.zip
```
Tenganisha faili la zipi:
```bash
unzip calculator-server.zip -d calculator-server
cd calculator-server
# hiari ondoa jaribio lisilotumika
rm -rf src/test/java
```
Ongeza usanidi kamili ufuatao kwenye faili yako *pom.xml*:
```xml
4.0.0
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-parent
3.5.0
com.example
calculator-server
0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
Calculator Server
Basic calculator MCP service for beginners
21
21
21
org.springframework.ai
spring-ai-bom
1.0.0-SNAPSHOT
pom
import
org.springframework.ai
spring-ai-starter-mcp-server-webflux
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-actuator
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-test
test
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-maven-plugin
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-compiler-plugin
21
spring-milestones
Spring Milestones
https://repo.spring.io/milestone
false
spring-snapshots
Spring Snapshots
https://repo.spring.io/snapshot
false
```
#### Rust
```sh
mkdir calculator-server
cd calculator-server
cargo init
```
### -2- Ongeza utegemezi
Sasa baada ya kuunda mradi wako, tuongeze utegemezi:
#### TypeScript
```sh
# Ikiwa haijapakuliwa bado, pakua TypeScript kimataifa
npm install typescript -g
# Pakua MCP SDK na Zod kwa uthibitishaji wa mfuniko
npm install @modelcontextprotocol/sdk zod
npm install -D @types/node typescript
```
#### Python
```sh
# Unda mazingira pepe na usakinishe utegemezi
python -m venv venv
venv\Scripts\activate
pip install "mcp[cli]"
```
#### Java
```bash
cd calculator-server
./mvnw clean install -DskipTests
```
#### Rust
```sh
cargo add rmcp --features server,transport-io
cargo add serde
cargo add tokio --features rt-multi-thread
```
### -3- Unda faili za mradi
#### TypeScript
Fungua faili la *package.json* na badilisha maudhui na yafuatayo ili kuhakikisha unaweza kujenga na kuendesha seva:
```json
{
"name": "calculator-server",
"version": "1.0.0",
"main": "index.js",
"type": "module",
"scripts": {
"build": "tsc",
"start": "npm run build && node ./build/index.js",
},
"keywords": [],
"author": "",
"license": "ISC",
"description": "A simple calculator server using Model Context Protocol",
"dependencies": {
"@modelcontextprotocol/sdk": "^1.16.0",
"zod": "^3.25.76"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@types/node": "^24.0.14",
"typescript": "^5.8.3"
}
}
```
Unda *tsconfig.json* na maudhui haya:
```json
{
"compilerOptions": {
"target": "ES2022",
"module": "Node16",
"moduleResolution": "Node16",
"outDir": "./build",
"rootDir": "./src",
"strict": true,
"esModuleInterop": true,
"skipLibCheck": true,
"forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true
},
"include": ["src/**/*"],
"exclude": ["node_modules"]
}
```
Unda saraka kwa msimbo wako wa chanzo:
```sh
mkdir src
touch src/index.ts
```
#### Python
Unda faili *server.py*
```sh
touch server.py
```
#### .NET
Sakinisha vifurushi vinavyohitajika vya NuGet:
```sh
dotnet add package ModelContextProtocol --prerelease
dotnet add package Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting
```
#### Java
Kwa miradi ya Java Spring Boot, muundo wa mradi huundwa kiotomatiki.
#### Rust
Kwa Rust, faili *src/main.rs* huundwa kwa default unapotekeleza `cargo init`. Fungua faili na futa msimbo wa chaguomsingi.
### -4- Andika msimbo wa seva
#### TypeScript
Unda faili *index.ts* na ongeza msimbo ufuatao:
```typescript
import { McpServer, ResourceTemplate } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/mcp.js";
import { StdioServerTransport } from "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/stdio.js";
import { z } from "zod";
// Unda seva ya MCP
const server = new McpServer({
name: "Calculator MCP Server",
version: "1.0.0"
});
```
Sasa una seva, lakini haifanyi mengi, hebu ifanye zaidi.
#### Python
```python
# server.py
from mcp.server.fastmcp import FastMCP
# Unda seva ya MCP
mcp = FastMCP("Demo")
```
#### .NET
```csharp
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using ModelContextProtocol.Server;
using System.ComponentModel;
var builder = Host.CreateApplicationBuilder(args);
builder.Logging.AddConsole(consoleLogOptions =>
{
// Configure all logs to go to stderr
consoleLogOptions.LogToStandardErrorThreshold = LogLevel.Trace;
});
builder.Services
.AddMcpServer()
.WithStdioServerTransport()
.WithToolsFromAssembly();
await builder.Build().RunAsync();
// add features
```
#### Java
Kwa Java, unda vipengele vikuu vya seva. Kwanza, badilisha darasa kuu la programu:
*src/main/java/com/microsoft/mcp/sample/server/McpServerApplication.java*:
```java
package com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.ToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.method.MethodToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server.service.CalculatorService;
@SpringBootApplication
public class McpServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(McpServerApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
public ToolCallbackProvider calculatorTools(CalculatorService calculator) {
return MethodToolCallbackProvider.builder().toolObjects(calculator).build();
}
}
```
Unda huduma ya calculator *src/main/java/com/microsoft/mcp/sample/server/service/CalculatorService.java*:
```java
package com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server.service;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.annotation.Tool;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* Service for basic calculator operations.
* This service provides simple calculator functionality through MCP.
*/
@Service
public class CalculatorService {
/**
* Add two numbers
* @param a The first number
* @param b The second number
* @return The sum of the two numbers
*/
@Tool(description = "Add two numbers together")
public String add(double a, double b) {
double result = a + b;
return formatResult(a, "+", b, result);
}
/**
* Subtract one number from another
* @param a The number to subtract from
* @param b The number to subtract
* @return The result of the subtraction
*/
@Tool(description = "Subtract the second number from the first number")
public String subtract(double a, double b) {
double result = a - b;
return formatResult(a, "-", b, result);
}
/**
* Multiply two numbers
* @param a The first number
* @param b The second number
* @return The product of the two numbers
*/
@Tool(description = "Multiply two numbers together")
public String multiply(double a, double b) {
double result = a * b;
return formatResult(a, "*", b, result);
}
/**
* Divide one number by another
* @param a The numerator
* @param b The denominator
* @return The result of the division
*/
@Tool(description = "Divide the first number by the second number")
public String divide(double a, double b) {
if (b == 0) {
return "Error: Cannot divide by zero";
}
double result = a / b;
return formatResult(a, "/", b, result);
}
/**
* Calculate the power of a number
* @param base The base number
* @param exponent The exponent
* @return The result of raising the base to the exponent
*/
@Tool(description = "Calculate the power of a number (base raised to an exponent)")
public String power(double base, double exponent) {
double result = Math.pow(base, exponent);
return formatResult(base, "^", exponent, result);
}
/**
* Calculate the square root of a number
* @param number The number to find the square root of
* @return The square root of the number
*/
@Tool(description = "Calculate the square root of a number")
public String squareRoot(double number) {
if (number < 0) {
return "Error: Cannot calculate square root of a negative number";
}
double result = Math.sqrt(number);
return String.format("√%.2f = %.2f", number, result);
}
/**
* Calculate the modulus (remainder) of division
* @param a The dividend
* @param b The divisor
* @return The remainder of the division
*/
@Tool(description = "Calculate the remainder when one number is divided by another")
public String modulus(double a, double b) {
if (b == 0) {
return "Error: Cannot divide by zero";
}
double result = a % b;
return formatResult(a, "%", b, result);
}
/**
* Calculate the absolute value of a number
* @param number The number to find the absolute value of
* @return The absolute value of the number
*/
@Tool(description = "Calculate the absolute value of a number")
public String absolute(double number) {
double result = Math.abs(number);
return String.format("|%.2f| = %.2f", number, result);
}
/**
* Get help about available calculator operations
* @return Information about available operations
*/
@Tool(description = "Get help about available calculator operations")
public String help() {
return "Basic Calculator MCP Service\n\n" +
"Available operations:\n" +
"1. add(a, b) - Adds two numbers\n" +
"2. subtract(a, b) - Subtracts the second number from the first\n" +
"3. multiply(a, b) - Multiplies two numbers\n" +
"4. divide(a, b) - Divides the first number by the second\n" +
"5. power(base, exponent) - Raises a number to a power\n" +
"6. squareRoot(number) - Calculates the square root\n" +
"7. modulus(a, b) - Calculates the remainder of division\n" +
"8. absolute(number) - Calculates the absolute value\n\n" +
"Example usage: add(5, 3) will return 5 + 3 = 8";
}
/**
* Format the result of a calculation
*/
private String formatResult(double a, String operator, double b, double result) {
return String.format("%.2f %s %.2f = %.2f", a, operator, b, result);
}
}
```
**Vipengele hiari kwa huduma tayari kwa uzalishaji:**
Unda usanidi wa kuanzisha *src/main/java/com/microsoft/mcp/sample/server/config/StartupConfig.java*:
```java
package com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server.config;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class StartupConfig {
@Bean
public CommandLineRunner startupInfo() {
return args -> {
System.out.println("\n" + "=".repeat(60));
System.out.println("Calculator MCP Server is starting...");
System.out.println("SSE endpoint: http://localhost:8080/sse");
System.out.println("Health check: http://localhost:8080/actuator/health");
System.out.println("=".repeat(60) + "\n");
};
}
}
```
Unda kontrolleri ya afya *src/main/java/com/microsoft/mcp/sample/server/controller/HealthController.java*:
```java
package com.microsoft.mcp.sample.server.controller;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@RestController
public class HealthController {
@GetMapping("/health")
public ResponseEntity