"""Backend registry + entry-point discovery (RFC 001 §3).

Third-party backends ship as installable packages that declare a
``mempalace.backends`` entry point::

    # pyproject.toml of mempalace-postgres
    [project.entry-points."mempalace.backends"]
    postgres = "mempalace_postgres:PostgresBackend"

MemPalace discovers them at process start. In-tree tests and local development
can register manually via :func:`register`. Explicit registration wins on
name conflict (matches RFC 001 §3.2).
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import logging
from importlib import metadata
from threading import Lock
from typing import Optional, Type

from .base import BaseBackend

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

_ENTRY_POINT_GROUP = "mempalace.backends"

_registry: dict[str, Type[BaseBackend]] = {}
_instances: dict[str, BaseBackend] = {}
_explicit: set[str] = set()
_discovered = False
_lock = Lock()


def register(name: str, backend_cls: Type[BaseBackend]) -> None:
    """Register ``backend_cls`` under ``name``.

    Explicit registration wins over entry-point discovery on conflict
    (RFC 001 §3.2).
    """
    with _lock:
        _registry[name] = backend_cls
        _explicit.add(name)
        # Invalidate any cached instance so the new class is used on next get.
        _instances.pop(name, None)


def unregister(name: str) -> None:
    """Remove a backend registration (primarily for tests)."""
    with _lock:
        _registry.pop(name, None)
        _explicit.discard(name)
        _instances.pop(name, None)


def _discover_entry_points() -> None:
    """Load entry-point-declared backends once per process."""
    global _discovered
    if _discovered:
        return
    with _lock:
        if _discovered:
            return
        try:
            eps = metadata.entry_points()
            # Py ≥ 3.10 returns an EntryPoints object; older versions returned a dict.
            group = (
                eps.select(group=_ENTRY_POINT_GROUP)
                if hasattr(eps, "select")
                else eps.get(_ENTRY_POINT_GROUP, [])
            )
        except Exception:
            logger.exception("entry-point discovery for %s failed", _ENTRY_POINT_GROUP)
            group = []
        for ep in group:
            if ep.name in _explicit:
                continue  # explicit registration wins
            try:
                cls = ep.load()
            except Exception:
                logger.exception("failed to load backend entry point %r", ep.name)
                continue
            if not isinstance(cls, type) or not issubclass(cls, BaseBackend):
                logger.warning(
                    "entry point %r did not resolve to a BaseBackend subclass (got %r)",
                    ep.name,
                    cls,
                )
                continue
            _registry.setdefault(ep.name, cls)
        _discovered = True


def available_backends() -> list[str]:
    """Return sorted list of all registered backend names."""
    _discover_entry_points()
    return sorted(_registry.keys())


def get_backend_class(name: str) -> Type[BaseBackend]:
    """Return the registered backend class for ``name``."""
    _discover_entry_points()
    try:
        return _registry[name]
    except KeyError as e:
        raise KeyError(f"unknown backend {name!r}; available: {available_backends()}") from e


def get_backend(name: str) -> BaseBackend:
    """Return a long-lived instance of the named backend.

    Instances are cached per-name; repeated calls return the same object.
    Call :func:`reset_backends` in tests that need isolation.
    """
    _discover_entry_points()
    with _lock:
        inst = _instances.get(name)
        if inst is not None:
            return inst
        cls = _registry.get(name)
        if cls is None:
            raise KeyError(f"unknown backend {name!r}; available: {sorted(_registry.keys())}")
        inst = cls()
        _instances[name] = inst
        return inst


def detect_backends_for_path(path: str) -> list[str]:
    """Return all registered backend names whose artifacts are present at ``path``.

    Detection is a migration/protection aid for local palaces. Backends are
    checked in registry-name order so callers get deterministic diagnostics if
    a broken directory contains artifacts from more than one backend.
    """
    _discover_entry_points()
    detected = []
    for name in sorted(_registry):
        cls = _registry[name]
        try:
            if cls.detect(path):
                detected.append(name)
        except Exception:
            logger.exception("detect() raised on backend %r", name)
    return detected


def detect_backend_for_path(path: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """Return the single detected backend at ``path``, or ``None``.

    If multiple backend artifacts are present, the first name in registry order
    is returned for backward compatibility. Callers that enforce mismatch
    protection should use :func:`detect_backends_for_path`.
    """
    detected = detect_backends_for_path(path)
    if detected:
        return detected[0]
    return None


def reset_backends() -> None:
    """Close and drop all cached backend instances (primarily for tests)."""
    with _lock:
        for inst in _instances.values():
            try:
                inst.close()
            except Exception:
                logger.exception("error closing backend during reset")
        _instances.clear()


def resolve_backend_for_palace(
    *,
    explicit: Optional[str] = None,
    config_value: Optional[str] = None,
    env_value: Optional[str] = None,
    palace_path: Optional[str] = None,
    default: str = "chroma",
) -> str:
    """Resolve the backend name for a palace per RFC 001 §3.3 priority order.

    1. Explicit kwarg / CLI flag
    2. Per-palace config value
    3. ``MEMPALACE_BACKEND`` env var
    4. Auto-detect from on-disk artifacts (migration/upgrade path only)
    5. Default (``chroma``)

    Auto-detection is strictly a migration aid: it fires only when a local path
    is presented, no earlier rule has chosen a backend, AND the path already
    contains backend-identifiable artifacts. For new palaces, (5) wins.
    """
    for candidate in (explicit, config_value, env_value):
        if candidate:
            return candidate

    _discover_entry_points()
    detected = detect_backend_for_path(palace_path) if palace_path else None
    if detected:
        return detected
    return default


# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Built-in registration
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


def _register_builtins() -> None:
    """Register chroma as the in-tree default."""
    from .chroma import ChromaBackend
    from .milvus import MilvusBackend
    from .pgvector import PgVectorBackend
    from .qdrant import QdrantBackend
    from .sqlite_exact import SQLiteExactBackend

    # Use setdefault semantics so a caller that pre-registered for tests wins.
    if "chroma" not in _registry:
        _registry["chroma"] = ChromaBackend
    if "milvus" not in _registry:
        _registry["milvus"] = MilvusBackend
    if "qdrant" not in _registry:
        _registry["qdrant"] = QdrantBackend
    if "sqlite_exact" not in _registry:
        _registry["sqlite_exact"] = SQLiteExactBackend
    if "pgvector" not in _registry:
        _registry["pgvector"] = PgVectorBackend


_register_builtins()